Bind Nova Poshta API key to cash register (#3)

Each cash register stores its own encrypted NP API key. Status polling uses
register keys and binds an order to the register whose key sees the TTN as
its own (PhoneSender present); ETTN receipts are created from that register.
Migration 0008 moves the old NOVA_POSHTA_API_KEY into the default register.

Closes #3

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.env.example

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ CRM_SHOP_KEY=change-me-crm-shopkey
 CRM_SID=1
 
 # --- Nova Poshta ----------------------------------------------------------
-# Ключ API кабинета Nova Poshta (my.novaposhta.ua → Настройки → API).
+# Ключи API Nova Poshta задаются у касс (страница «Кассы»). Эта переменная нужна
+# только миграции 0008: переносит старый общий ключ в кассу по умолчанию.
 NOVA_POSHTA_API_KEY=change-me-novaposhta-apikey
 
 # --- Checkbox -------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ NOVA_POSHTA_API_KEY=change-me-novaposhta-apikey
 CHECKBOX_BASE_URL=https://api.checkbox.ua
 CHECKBOX_CLIENT_NAME=lux_fiscal
 CHECKBOX_CLIENT_VERSION=0.1.0
+# Пауза между запросами к Checkbox (мс): Новая Почта за Checkbox ограничивает частоту.
+CHECKBOX_MIN_REQUEST_INTERVAL_MS=1000
 # ЕТТН-чеки на тестовой кассе Checkbox не работают: локально весь цикл
 # прогоняется через стаб (чек «фискализируется» на втором опросе). В production запрещено.
 CHECKBOX_USE_STUB=false

CLAUDE.md

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Not yet enforced by types anywhere in the current code, but is a hard project co
 
 ## Project status (see the plan for the full roadmap)
 
-Stages 1–4 (scaffolding, auth/audit, CRM order queue, Nova Poshta tracking) are done. Checkbox ETTN receipts are implemented per `.plans/checkbox-ettn-receipts.md` but not yet verified on a real cash register.
+Stages 1–4 (scaffolding, auth/audit, CRM order queue, Nova Poshta tracking) are done. The dashboard has four tabs (`GET /orders?tab=no_receipt|has_receipt|received|refused`, `services/orders.OrderTab`); NP status beats receipt presence: an order whose NP status code is «received» (`NP_RECEIVED_STATUS_CODES`) shows only under «Полученные», a refusal (`NP_REFUSAL_STATUS_CODES`) only under «Отказы», whether or not it has a receipt. Checkbox ETTN receipts are implemented per `.plans/checkbox-ettn-receipts.md` but not yet verified on a real cash register.
 
 ### Checkbox ETTN receipts
 
@@ -126,4 +126,6 @@ Stages 1–4 (scaffolding, auth/audit, CRM order queue, Nova Poshta tracking) ar
 - Two-phase create: `POST /receipts` writes `Receipt(pending)` + audit and commits, then enqueues `create_ettn_receipt`; the worker calls Checkbox. A timeout leaves the row `pending` with `error` set — the retry first looks the TTN up via `find_ettn` instead of blindly re-posting (would create a second receipt). Keep this.
 - State machine and the "one live receipt per order" partial unique index live in `app/db/models/receipt.py`. `orders.receipt_created_at` is set on request and reset to NULL when a receipt ends `failed`/`cancelled` (order goes back to the queue).
 - Once Checkbox accepts the receipt, the order is moved to `PACKED` in the CRM (`services/receipts.sync_crm_statuses`, marked by `receipts.crm_status_set_at`; runs right after creation and is retried by cron). The live exoCRM `SetStatus` differs from its docs: params must be `{"Orders": [id], "Status": ...}` (the documented `{"ID": ...}` returns "Undefined order list."), and the reply has no `status: OK` — success is `{"<id>": {"Status": "Success"}}`.
+- Nova Poshta's rate limit comes back through Checkbox as a 4xx with `code=third_party.generic` and «To many requests» / `20000401501`, not as a 429. `http_client._transient_error` maps it to `CheckboxRateLimitedError`: the receipt stays `pending` and the worker retries with `arq.Retry`. The client also sends requests one at a time with a `CHECKBOX_MIN_REQUEST_INTERVAL_MS` pause, so don't parallelize Checkbox calls in the worker.
+- Each cash register has its own Nova Poshta API key (`cash_registers.np_api_key_enc`, Fernet). `sync_np_statuses` polls TTNs with register keys and binds the order to the register whose key sees the TTN as its own (`orders.cash_register_id`; ownership = response contains `PhoneSender` — a foreign key gets a truncated reply without sender/`AfterpaymentOnGoodsCost`). Receipts are created from the order's register, not the default one; an unbound order is rejected. `NOVA_POSHTA_API_KEY` env is only read by migration 0008.
 - ETTN does **not** work on a Checkbox test cash register. Locally use `CHECKBOX_USE_STUB=true`; client selection is only in `services/checkbox/client.get_checkbox_client()`.

backend/alembic/versions/0008_np_key_per_register.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Ключ API Новой Почты у кассы и привязка заказа к кассе
+
+Revision ID: 0008
+Revises: 0007
+Create Date: 2026-09-25
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+from app.core import crypto
+from app.core.config import settings
+
+revision: str = "0008"
+down_revision: str | None = "0007"
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "cash_registers", sa.Column("np_api_key_enc", sa.String(length=512), nullable=True)
+    )
+    op.add_column("orders", sa.Column("cash_register_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=True))
+    op.create_foreign_key(
+        op.f("fk_orders_cash_register_id_cash_registers"),
+        "orders",
+        "cash_registers",
+        ["cash_register_id"],
+        ["id"],
+        ondelete="SET NULL",
+    )
+    op.create_index(op.f("ix_orders_cash_register_id"), "orders", ["cash_register_id"])
+
+    # Раньше ключ НП был один на всё приложение (NOVA_POSHTA_API_KEY) — переносим
+    # его в кассу по умолчанию, чтобы опрос статусов не остановился после обновления.
+    if settings.nova_poshta_api_key:
+        op.get_bind().execute(
+            sa.text(
+                "UPDATE cash_registers SET np_api_key_enc = :key "
+                "WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM cash_registers "
+                "ORDER BY is_default DESC, created_at LIMIT 1)"
+            ),
+            {"key": crypto.encrypt(settings.nova_poshta_api_key)},
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_orders_cash_register_id"), table_name="orders")
+    op.drop_constraint(
+        op.f("fk_orders_cash_register_id_cash_registers"), "orders", type_="foreignkey"
+    )
+    op.drop_column("orders", "cash_register_id")
+    op.drop_column("cash_registers", "np_api_key_enc")

backend/app/api/v1/cash_registers.py

@@ -27,6 +27,27 @@ async def _clear_default(session: SessionDep, keep_id: uuid.UUID) -> None:
     )
 
 
+async def _ensure_np_key_unique(
+    session: SessionDep, api_key: str, exclude_id: uuid.UUID | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Один кабинет НП — одна касса, иначе неясно, от какой кассы пробивать его посылки."""
+    registers = await session.scalars(
+        select(CashRegister).where(CashRegister.np_api_key_enc.is_not(None))
+    )
+    for register in registers:
+        if register.id == exclude_id:
+            continue
+        try:
+            same = crypto.decrypt(register.np_api_key_enc) == api_key
+        except crypto.DecryptionError:
+            continue
+        if same:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
+                detail=f"Этот ключ Новой Почты уже привязан к кассе «{register.name}»",
+            )
+
+
 @router.get("", response_model=list[CashRegisterOut])
 async def list_cash_registers(session: SessionDep) -> list[CashRegisterOut]:
     registers = await session.scalars(select(CashRegister).order_by(CashRegister.created_at))
@@ -37,12 +58,15 @@ async def list_cash_registers(session: SessionDep) -> list[CashRegisterOut]:
 async def create_cash_register(
     payload: CashRegisterCreate, request: Request, session: SessionDep, actor: AdminUser
 ) -> CashRegisterOut:
+    if payload.np_api_key:
+        await _ensure_np_key_unique(session, payload.np_api_key)
     register = CashRegister(
         id=uuid.uuid4(),
         name=payload.name,
         fiscal_number=payload.fiscal_number,
         license_key_enc=crypto.encrypt(payload.license_key),
         cashier_pin_enc=crypto.encrypt(payload.pin_code),
+        np_api_key_enc=crypto.encrypt(payload.np_api_key) if payload.np_api_key else None,
         tax_codes=payload.tax_codes,
         is_active=True,
         is_default=payload.is_default,
@@ -56,7 +80,11 @@ async def create_cash_register(
         user=actor,
         entity_type="cash_register",
         entity_id=register.id,
-        payload={"name": register.name, "fiscal_number": register.fiscal_number},
+        payload={
+            "name": register.name,
+            "fiscal_number": register.fiscal_number,
+            "np_api_key_set": register.np_api_key_enc is not None,
+        },
         request=request,
     )
     await session.commit()
@@ -80,6 +108,9 @@ async def update_cash_register(
         register.license_key_enc = crypto.encrypt(changes["license_key"])
     if "pin_code" in changes:
         register.cashier_pin_enc = crypto.encrypt(changes["pin_code"])
+    if changes.get("np_api_key"):
+        await _ensure_np_key_unique(session, changes["np_api_key"], exclude_id=register.id)
+        register.np_api_key_enc = crypto.encrypt(changes["np_api_key"])
     if "fiscal_number" in changes:
         register.fiscal_number = changes["fiscal_number"]
     for field in ("name", "tax_codes", "is_active", "is_default"):
@@ -94,7 +125,7 @@ async def update_cash_register(
         user=actor,
         entity_type="cash_register",
         entity_id=register.id,
-        payload=changes,  # license_key / pin_code редактируются в audit._sanitize
+        payload=changes,  # license_key / pin_code / np_api_key редактируются в audit._sanitize
         request=request,
     )
     await session.commit()

backend/app/api/v1/orders.py

@@ -6,28 +6,37 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
 
 from app.api.deps import CashierUser, CrmClientDep, SessionDep, require_any
 from app.db.models.audit import AuditAction
-from app.schemas.orders import OrderRowOut, OrderUpdateIn
+from app.schemas.orders import OrderRowOut, OrdersSummaryOut, OrderUpdateIn
 from app.services import audit
 from app.services import orders as orders_service
 from app.services import receipts as receipts_service
+from app.services.orders import OrderTab
 
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/orders", tags=["orders"], dependencies=[Depends(require_any)])
 
 
 @router.get("", response_model=list[OrderRowOut], response_model_by_alias=False)
 async def list_orders(
-    session: SessionDep, crm: CrmClientDep, has_receipt: bool = False
+    session: SessionDep, crm: CrmClientDep, tab: OrderTab = OrderTab.NO_RECEIPT
 ) -> list[OrderRowOut]:
     # by_alias=False: без этого FastAPI сериализует вложенные OrderGoodOut через
     # CRM-алиасы (SKU/Name/...) вместо snake_case полей, которые ждёт фронтенд.
     await orders_service.sync_orders_from_crm(session, crm)
-    orders = await orders_service.list_orders(session, has_receipt=has_receipt)
+    orders = await orders_service.list_orders(session, tab=tab)
     receipts = await receipts_service.latest_receipts_by_order(
         session, [order.id for order in orders]
     )
     return [OrderRowOut.from_order(order, receipts.get(order.id)) for order in orders]
 
 
+@router.get("/summary", response_model=OrdersSummaryOut)
+async def orders_summary(session: SessionDep) -> OrdersSummaryOut:
+    count, kopecks = await orders_service.cod_in_transit(session)
+    return OrdersSummaryOut(
+        cod_in_transit_count=count, cod_in_transit_amount=f"{kopecks / 100:.2f}"
+    )
+
+
 @router.patch("/{order_id}", response_model=OrderRowOut, response_model_by_alias=False)
 async def update_order(
     order_id: str,

backend/app/core/config.py

@@ -63,12 +63,17 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     crm_sid: int = 1
 
     # --- Nova Poshta ---
+    # Ключи НП хранятся у касс (`cash_registers.np_api_key_enc`). Эта переменная
+    # читается только миграцией 0008: переносит старый общий ключ в кассу по умолчанию.
     nova_poshta_api_key: str = ""
 
     # --- Checkbox ---
     checkbox_base_url: str = "https://api.checkbox.ua"
     checkbox_client_name: str = "lux_fiscal"
     checkbox_client_version: str = "0.1.0"
+    # Пауза между запросами к Checkbox из одного процесса: при создании ЕТТН
+    # Checkbox ходит в API Новой Почты, а та отвечает «To many requests» на частые вызовы.
+    checkbox_min_request_interval_ms: int = 1000
     # Стаб вместо реального Checkbox: ЕТТН работает только на боевой кассе,
     # поэтому локально весь цикл прогоняется через стаб. В проде запрещено.
     checkbox_use_stub: bool = False

backend/app/db/models/cash_register.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Кассы (ПРРО) Checkbox.
 
-Ключ лицензии и PIN кассира хранятся только в зашифрованном виде
-(`app/core/crypto.py`): утечка дампа БД не должна давать доступ к кассе.
+Ключ лицензии, PIN кассира и ключ API Новой Почты хранятся только в
+зашифрованном виде (`app/core/crypto.py`): утечка дампа БД не должна давать
+доступ к кассе и кабинету отправителя.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ class CashRegister(UUIDPrimaryKeyMixin, TimestampMixin, Base):
     fiscal_number: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(64))
     license_key_enc: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(512), nullable=False)
     cashier_pin_enc: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(512), nullable=False)
+    # Ключ API кабинета отправителя НП. Посылки, которые этот ключ видит как
+    # свои, привязываются к кассе (`orders.cash_register_id`), и ЕТТН-чеки по
+    # ним создаются от неё. Без ключа касса статусы ТТН не опрашивает.
+    np_api_key_enc: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(512))
     # Коды налоговых ставок Checkbox для всех товаров чека; пусто — поле `tax`
     # не передаётся (неплательщик ПДВ).
     tax_codes: Mapped[list[Any]] = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=False, default=list)

backend/app/db/models/order.py

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import uuid
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 
-from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Boolean, DateTime, String, Text
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Boolean, DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
@@ -54,3 +55,9 @@ class Order(TimestampMixin, Base):
     np_status_code: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(16))
     np_cod_amount_kopecks: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(BigInteger)
     np_payment_status: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+
+    # Касса, чей ключ НП видит ТТН как свою (определяется при опросе статусов,
+    # см. `services/orders.sync_np_statuses`). От неё создаётся ЕТТН-чек.
+    cash_register_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("cash_registers.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), index=True
+    )

backend/app/schemas/orders.py

@@ -122,6 +122,13 @@ class OrderRowOut(BaseModel):
         )
 
 
+class OrdersSummaryOut(BaseModel):
+    """`GET /orders/summary` — сводка над таблицей заказов."""
+
+    cod_in_transit_count: int
+    cod_in_transit_amount: str
+
+
 class OrderGoodIn(BaseModel):
     """Позиция заказа из формы редактирования. `amount` считает сервер."""
 

backend/app/schemas/receipts.py

@@ -70,26 +70,34 @@ class ReceiptCreateResponse(BaseModel):
 # --- Кассы -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+def _masked(encrypted: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return crypto.mask(crypto.decrypt(encrypted))
+    except crypto.DecryptionError:
+        return "не расшифровывается — введите заново"
+
+
 class CashRegisterOut(BaseModel):
     id: uuid.UUID
     name: str
     fiscal_number: str | None
     license_key_masked: str
+    # None — ключ НП не задан: касса не опрашивает посылки и не получает заказы.
+    np_api_key_masked: str | None
     tax_codes: list[Any]
     is_active: bool
     is_default: bool
 
     @classmethod
     def from_register(cls, register: CashRegister) -> CashRegisterOut:
-        try:
-            masked = crypto.mask(crypto.decrypt(register.license_key_enc))
-        except crypto.DecryptionError:
-            masked = "не расшифровывается — введите заново"
         return cls(
             id=register.id,
             name=register.name,
             fiscal_number=register.fiscal_number,
-            license_key_masked=masked,
+            license_key_masked=_masked(register.license_key_enc),
+            np_api_key_masked=(
+                _masked(register.np_api_key_enc) if register.np_api_key_enc else None
+            ),
             tax_codes=register.tax_codes,
             is_active=register.is_active,
             is_default=register.is_default,
@@ -101,6 +109,7 @@ class CashRegisterCreate(BaseModel):
     fiscal_number: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=64)
     license_key: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=255)
     pin_code: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=32)
+    np_api_key: str | None = Field(default=None, min_length=1, max_length=255)
     tax_codes: list[int | str] = Field(default_factory=list, max_length=2)
     is_default: bool = True
 
@@ -112,6 +121,7 @@ class CashRegisterUpdate(BaseModel):
     fiscal_number: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=64)
     license_key: str | None = Field(default=None, min_length=1, max_length=255)
     pin_code: str | None = Field(default=None, min_length=1, max_length=32)
+    np_api_key: str | None = Field(default=None, min_length=1, max_length=255)
     tax_codes: list[int | str] | None = Field(default=None, max_length=2)
     is_active: bool | None = None
     is_default: bool | None = None

backend/app/schemas/tracking.py

@@ -32,9 +32,19 @@ class TrackingStatusOut(BaseModel):
     # какого-то типа накладной не возвращает `AfterpaymentOnGoodsCost`.
     cod_amount: str | None = Field(default=None)
 
+    # Телефон отправителя NP отдаёт только кабинету отправителя (или получателя):
+    # по чужому ключу без телефона ответ урезан — нет ни отправителя, ни
+    # `AfterpaymentOnGoodsCost`. По этому полю определяется, чья это посылка.
+    phone_sender: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="PhoneSender")
+
     # Статус оплаты аналогично раздвоен на `PaymentStatus`/`ExpressWaybillPaymentStatus`.
     payment_status: str | None = Field(default=None)
 
+    @property
+    def is_own(self) -> bool:
+        """ТТН видна ключу как своя — отправлена из кабинета этого ключа."""
+        return bool(self.phone_sender)
+
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
     def _fold_express_fields(cls, data: Any) -> Any:

backend/app/services/audit.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ _REDACTED_KEYS = {
     "secret",
     "license_key",
     "api_key",
+    "np_api_key",
     "pin",
     "pin_code",
     "cashier_pin",

backend/app/services/checkbox/client.py

@@ -23,6 +23,18 @@ class CheckboxUnavailableError(CheckboxError):
     """Сеть, таймаут или 5xx — исход запроса неизвестен, можно повторить."""
 
 
+class CheckboxRateLimitedError(CheckboxUnavailableError):
+    """Лимит частоты запросов (Checkbox 429 или «To many requests» от Новой Почты).
+
+    В отличие от прочих `CheckboxUnavailableError` исход известен — запрос отклонён,
+    повторять можно не раньше чем через `retry_after` секунд.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, retry_after: float) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.retry_after = retry_after
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class CheckboxCredentials:
     """Расшифрованные доступы одной кассы. Живут только в памяти."""

backend/app/services/checkbox/http_client.py

@@ -2,10 +2,17 @@
 
 Авторизация — токен кассира по PIN-коду (`/api/v1/cashier/signinPinCode`).
 Токен кэшируется в памяти процесса по кассе; на 401 — один повторный вход.
+
+Запросы из одного процесса идут строго по одному с паузой
+`CHECKBOX_MIN_REQUEST_INTERVAL_MS`: при создании ЕТТН Checkbox синхронно ходит
+в API Новой Почты, а та на частые вызовы отвечает «To many requests».
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
+import re
+import time
 import uuid
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Any
@@ -17,6 +24,7 @@ from app.schemas.checkbox import EttnOut, EttnStatus
 from app.services.checkbox.client import (
     CheckboxCredentials,
     CheckboxError,
+    CheckboxRateLimitedError,
     CheckboxUnavailableError,
 )
 
@@ -27,6 +35,15 @@ _TIMEOUT = httpx.Timeout(30, connect=10)
 _FIND_PAGES = 3
 _FIND_PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
+# Ошибки Новой Почты, которые Checkbox отдаёт 4xx с `code=third_party.*`:
+# {"message": "To many requests", "info": ["Try again after 1 seconds"],
+#  "errorCodes": ["20000401501"]} — лимит частоты НП;
+# "cURL error 28: SSL connection timeout" — Checkbox не дождался НП.
+_NP_RATE_LIMIT_RE = re.compile(r"20000401501|too? many requests", re.IGNORECASE)
+_NP_RETRY_AFTER_RE = re.compile(r"try again after (\d+) second", re.IGNORECASE)
+_NP_TIMEOUT_RE = re.compile(r"curl error|timed? ?out", re.IGNORECASE)
+_MIN_RETRY_AFTER = 1.0
+
 
 def _error_message(response: httpx.Response) -> str:
     try:
@@ -55,6 +72,29 @@ def _error_message(response: httpx.Response) -> str:
     return f"HTTP {response.status_code}"
 
 
+def _retry_after(response: httpx.Response) -> float:
+    seconds: float = 0
+    if match := _NP_RETRY_AFTER_RE.search(response.text):
+        seconds = float(match.group(1))
+    elif (header := response.headers.get("Retry-After", "")).isdigit():
+        seconds = float(header)
+    return max(seconds, _MIN_RETRY_AFTER)
+
+
+def _transient_error(response: httpx.Response) -> CheckboxUnavailableError | None:
+    """Ответ, после которого запрос можно повторить, или None, если ошибка окончательная."""
+    if response.status_code == 429:
+        return CheckboxRateLimitedError(_error_message(response), _retry_after(response))
+    if response.status_code >= 500:
+        return CheckboxUnavailableError(_error_message(response))
+    if response.status_code >= 400 and '"third_party.' in response.text:
+        if _NP_RATE_LIMIT_RE.search(response.text):
+            return CheckboxRateLimitedError(_error_message(response), _retry_after(response))
+        if _NP_TIMEOUT_RE.search(response.text):
+            return CheckboxUnavailableError(_error_message(response))
+    return None
+
+
 class HttpCheckboxClient:
     def __init__(self, settings: Settings) -> None:
         self._base_url = settings.checkbox_base_url.rstrip("/")
@@ -63,6 +103,10 @@ class HttpCheckboxClient:
             "X-Client-Version": settings.checkbox_client_version,
         }
         self._tokens: dict[uuid.UUID, str] = {}
+        self._min_interval = settings.checkbox_min_request_interval_ms / 1000
+        self._send_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._sign_in_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._last_sent_at = float("-inf")
 
     async def _send(
         self,
@@ -73,18 +117,36 @@ class HttpCheckboxClient:
         json: Any = None,
         params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> httpx.Response:
-        try:
-            async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url=self._base_url, timeout=_TIMEOUT) as client:
-                response = await client.request(
-                    method, path, headers=headers, json=json, params=params
-                )
-        except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
-            raise CheckboxUnavailableError(f"Checkbox недоступен: {exc!r}") from exc
-        # 429 — «Занадто часто виконуються запити»: исход не ошибка данных, повторяемо.
-        if response.status_code >= 500 or response.status_code == 429:
-            raise CheckboxUnavailableError(_error_message(response))
+        # Строго по одному запросу с паузой — параллельные задачи worker'а
+        # иначе пачкой упираются в лимит Новой Почты.
+        async with self._send_lock:
+            delay = self._last_sent_at + self._min_interval - time.monotonic()
+            if delay > 0:
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+            self._last_sent_at = time.monotonic()
+            try:
+                async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url=self._base_url, timeout=_TIMEOUT) as client:
+                    response = await client.request(
+                        method, path, headers=headers, json=json, params=params
+                    )
+            except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+                raise CheckboxUnavailableError(f"Checkbox недоступен: {exc!r}") from exc
+        if error := _transient_error(response):
+            raise error
         return response
 
+    async def _token(self, creds: CheckboxCredentials, *, stale: str | None = None) -> str:
+        """Токен кассира; `stale` — отвергнутый Checkbox'ом (401), его не переиспользуем.
+
+        Под блокировкой: параллельные задачи без токена входят один раз,
+        остальные берут токен, полученный первой.
+        """
+        async with self._sign_in_lock:
+            token = self._tokens.get(creds.cash_register_id)
+            if token is not None and token != stale:
+                return token
+            return await self._sign_in(creds)
+
     async def _sign_in(self, creds: CheckboxCredentials) -> str:
         response = await self._send(
             "POST",
@@ -107,7 +169,7 @@ class HttpCheckboxClient:
         json: Any = None,
         params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> httpx.Response:
-        token = self._tokens.get(creds.cash_register_id) or await self._sign_in(creds)
+        token = await self._token(creds)
         for attempt in range(2):
             response = await self._send(
                 method,
@@ -121,7 +183,7 @@ class HttpCheckboxClient:
                 params=params,
             )
             if response.status_code == 401 and attempt == 0:
-                token = await self._sign_in(creds)
+                token = await self._token(creds, stale=token)
                 continue
             break
         if response.status_code >= 400:

backend/app/services/nova_poshta/client.py

@@ -15,4 +15,8 @@ class NovaPoshtaError(Exception):
 
 
 class NovaPoshtaClient(Protocol):
-    async def get_statuses(self, *, waybill_numbers: list[str]) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]: ...
+    """Ключ API передаётся в каждый вызов: у каждой кассы свой кабинет отправителя."""
+
+    async def get_statuses(
+        self, *, api_key: str, waybill_numbers: list[str]
+    ) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]: ...

backend/app/services/nova_poshta/np_client.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import httpx
 
-from app.core.config import Settings
 from app.schemas.tracking import TrackingStatusOut
 from app.services.nova_poshta.client import NovaPoshtaError
 
@@ -15,10 +14,9 @@ _MAX_DOCUMENTS_PER_REQUEST = 100
 
 
 class NpTrackingClient:
-    def __init__(self, settings: Settings) -> None:
-        self._api_key = settings.nova_poshta_api_key
-
-    async def get_statuses(self, *, waybill_numbers: list[str]) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]:
+    async def get_statuses(
+        self, *, api_key: str, waybill_numbers: list[str]
+    ) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]:
         if not waybill_numbers:
             return []
         if len(waybill_numbers) > _MAX_DOCUMENTS_PER_REQUEST:
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ class NpTrackingClient:
             )
 
         body = {
-            "apiKey": self._api_key,
+            "apiKey": api_key,
             "modelName": "TrackingDocument",
             "calledMethod": "getStatusDocuments",
             "methodProperties": {

backend/app/services/nova_poshta/stub_client.py

@@ -15,17 +15,32 @@ _FIXTURE_STATUSES: dict[str, dict] = {
         "AmountToPay": "1200.00",
         "AfterpaymentOnGoodsCost": 1200,
         "PaymentStatus": "Paid",
+        "PhoneSender": "380501112233",
     }
 }
 
 
 class StubNovaPoshtaClient:
-    def __init__(self, statuses: dict[str, dict] | None = None) -> None:
-        self._statuses = statuses if statuses is not None else _FIXTURE_STATUSES
+    """`statuses` — ответы NP по ТТН; `by_key` — отдельные ответы для конкретных
+    ключей API (кабинет отправителя видит свои ТТН полностью, чужие — урезанно)."""
 
-    async def get_statuses(self, *, waybill_numbers: list[str]) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        statuses: dict[str, dict] | None = None,
+        *,
+        by_key: dict[str, dict[str, dict]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._statuses = statuses if statuses is not None else _FIXTURE_STATUSES
+        self._by_key = by_key or {}
+        self.calls: list[tuple[str, list[str]]] = []
+
+    async def get_statuses(
+        self, *, api_key: str, waybill_numbers: list[str]
+    ) -> list[TrackingStatusOut]:
+        self.calls.append((api_key, list(waybill_numbers)))
+        statuses = self._by_key.get(api_key, self._statuses)
         return [
-            TrackingStatusOut.model_validate(self._statuses[number])
+            TrackingStatusOut.model_validate(statuses[number])
             for number in waybill_numbers
-            if number in self._statuses
+            if number in statuses
         ]

backend/app/services/orders.py

@@ -2,24 +2,47 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import enum
 import uuid
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP, Decimal
 from typing import Any
 
-from sqlalchemy import select
+import httpx
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
+from app.core import crypto
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+from app.db.models.cash_register import CashRegister
 from app.db.models.order import Order
 from app.schemas.orders import OrderUpdateIn
+from app.schemas.tracking import TrackingStatusOut
 from app.services.crm.client import CrmClient
-from app.services.nova_poshta.client import NovaPoshtaClient
+from app.services.nova_poshta.client import NovaPoshtaClient, NovaPoshtaError
+
+log = get_logger(__name__)
 
 _CRM_STATUS = "APPROVED"
 
 # NP отклоняет запросы с более чем 100 накладными за раз (см. np_client.py).
 _NP_BATCH_SIZE = 100
 
+# Коды NP "відмова одержувача" / "припинено зберігання" — клиент не забрал
+# посылку, заказ уходит во вкладку «Отказы».
+NP_REFUSAL_STATUS_CODES = ("102", "103", "105", "108")
+
+# Коды NP "відправлення отримано" (106 — отримано і створено ЄН зворотньої
+# доставки) — заказ уходит во вкладку «Полученные».
+NP_RECEIVED_STATUS_CODES = ("9", "10", "11", "106")
+
+# Получено или отказ — после этого статус ТТН больше не опрашивается.
+_NP_FINAL_STATUS_CODES = (*NP_RECEIVED_STATUS_CODES, *NP_REFUSAL_STATUS_CODES)
+
+# "Видалено" / "Номер не знайдено" — денег по такой ТТН не будет.
+_NP_DEAD_STATUS_CODES = ("2", "3")
+
 # Поля, которые кассир может править в карточке заказа (кроме goods/total).
 _EDITABLE_FIELDS = (
     "recipient_name",
@@ -30,6 +53,13 @@ _EDITABLE_FIELDS = (
 )
 
 
+class OrderTab(enum.StrEnum):
+    NO_RECEIPT = "no_receipt"
+    HAS_RECEIPT = "has_receipt"
+    REFUSED = "refused"
+    RECEIVED = "received"
+
+
 class OrderEditError(Exception):
     """Заказ нельзя сохранить — сообщение показывается кассиру."""
 
@@ -80,50 +110,187 @@ async def sync_orders_from_crm(session: AsyncSession, crm: CrmClient) -> None:
     await session.commit()
 
 
-async def list_orders(session: AsyncSession, *, has_receipt: bool) -> list[Order]:
-    receipt_filter = (
-        Order.receipt_created_at.is_not(None) if has_receipt else Order.receipt_created_at.is_(None)
+async def list_orders(session: AsyncSession, *, tab: OrderTab) -> list[Order]:
+    """Заказы вкладки. Статус посылки важнее наличия чека: полученный заказ
+    показывается только в «Полученных», отказ — только в «Отказах», даже если по
+    нему уже создан ЕТТН-чек."""
+    refused = Order.np_status_code.in_(NP_REFUSAL_STATUS_CODES)
+    received = Order.np_status_code.in_(NP_RECEIVED_STATUS_CODES)
+    in_transit = Order.np_status_code.is_(None) | Order.np_status_code.not_in(
+        _NP_FINAL_STATUS_CODES
     )
+    tab_filter = {
+        OrderTab.REFUSED: refused,
+        OrderTab.RECEIVED: received,
+        OrderTab.NO_RECEIPT: Order.receipt_created_at.is_(None) & in_transit,
+        OrderTab.HAS_RECEIPT: Order.receipt_created_at.is_not(None) & in_transit,
+    }[tab]
     result = await session.scalars(
         select(Order)
         .where(Order.is_deleted.is_(False))
-        .where(receipt_filter)
+        .where(tab_filter)
         .order_by(Order.create_date_time.desc())
     )
     return list(result)
 
 
+async def cod_in_transit(session: AsyncSession) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Наложка в пути: (кол-во посылок, сумма в копейках).
+
+    Учитываются только посылки, которые ещё не забрали и по которым нет отказа:
+    финальный статус NP ("отримано"/отказ) или оплата наложки их исключают.
+    """
+    result = await session.execute(
+        select(func.count(), func.coalesce(func.sum(Order.np_cod_amount_kopecks), 0))
+        .where(Order.is_deleted.is_(False))
+        .where(Order.np_cod_amount_kopecks.is_not(None))
+        .where(Order.np_status_code.not_in((*_NP_FINAL_STATUS_CODES, *_NP_DEAD_STATUS_CODES)))
+        .where(Order.np_payment_status.is_distinct_from("Payed"))
+    )
+    count, total = result.one()
+    return count, total
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _NpAccount:
+    """Кабинет отправителя НП, привязанный к кассе."""
+
+    register_id: uuid.UUID
+    api_key: str
+
+
+async def _np_accounts(session: AsyncSession) -> list[_NpAccount]:
+    """Активные кассы с ключом НП; касса по умолчанию — первой."""
+    registers = await session.scalars(
+        select(CashRegister)
+        .where(CashRegister.is_active.is_(True))
+        .where(CashRegister.np_api_key_enc.is_not(None))
+        .order_by(CashRegister.is_default.desc(), CashRegister.created_at)
+    )
+    accounts = []
+    for register in registers:
+        try:
+            accounts.append(_NpAccount(register.id, crypto.decrypt(register.np_api_key_enc)))
+        except crypto.DecryptionError:
+            log.warning("np_api_key_undecryptable", cash_register_id=str(register.id))
+    return accounts
+
+
+async def _fetch_statuses(
+    np: NovaPoshtaClient, api_key: str, waybill_numbers: list[str]
+) -> dict[str, TrackingStatusOut]:
+    statuses: dict[str, TrackingStatusOut] = {}
+    for i in range(0, len(waybill_numbers), _NP_BATCH_SIZE):
+        batch = waybill_numbers[i : i + _NP_BATCH_SIZE]
+        for tracking_status in await np.get_statuses(api_key=api_key, waybill_numbers=batch):
+            statuses[tracking_status.number] = tracking_status
+    return statuses
+
+
+def _apply_status(order: Order, tracking_status: TrackingStatusOut) -> None:
+    order.np_status = tracking_status.status
+    order.np_status_code = tracking_status.status_code
+    order.np_cod_amount_kopecks = (
+        _to_kopecks(tracking_status.cod_amount) if tracking_status.cod_amount else None
+    )
+    order.np_payment_status = tracking_status.payment_status
+
+
 async def sync_np_statuses(session: AsyncSession, np: NovaPoshtaClient) -> None:
-    """Обновляет статус ТТН и сумму наложенного платежа для заказов без чека.
+    """Обновляет статус ТТН, сумму и статус оплаты наложки по заказам в пути
+    и привязывает каждый заказ к кассе, чей ключ НП видит ТТН как свою.
+
+    Заказ, уже привязанный к кассе, опрашивается её ключом. Непривязанный (или
+    переставший быть «своим» для своей кассы) — ключами всех касс по очереди:
+    первая, для которой ТТН своя (`TrackingStatusOut.is_own`), его забирает.
+    Если ТТН не своя ни для одной кассы, статус доставки всё равно сохраняется,
+    но без наложки и без кассы — чек по такой посылке не создать.
+
+    Опрашиваются и заказы с уже созданным ЕТТН-чеком: именно после создания
+    чека посылка доезжает и оплачивается, и этот переход кассир должен видеть.
+    Опрос прекращается, когда NP вернул финальный статус "отримано" или отказ.
 
     Вызывается ARQ worker'ом раз в минуту (см. `app/worker.py`), а не из
     HTTP-запроса: опрос статусов не должен зависеть от того, открыт ли сейчас
     дашборд.
     """
+    accounts = await _np_accounts(session)
+    if not accounts:
+        log.warning("np_no_api_keys", hint="Укажите ключ API Новой Почты у кассы")
+        return
+
     orders = await session.scalars(
         select(Order)
         .where(Order.is_deleted.is_(False))
-        .where(Order.receipt_created_at.is_(None))
         .where(Order.waybill_number.is_not(None))
+        .where(
+            Order.np_status_code.is_(None)
+            | Order.np_status_code.not_in(_NP_FINAL_STATUS_CODES)
+        )
     )
     orders_by_waybill: dict[str, Order] = {order.waybill_number: order for order in orders}
     if not orders_by_waybill:
         return
 
-    waybill_numbers = list(orders_by_waybill)
-    for i in range(0, len(waybill_numbers), _NP_BATCH_SIZE):
-        batch = waybill_numbers[i : i + _NP_BATCH_SIZE]
-        statuses = await np.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=batch)
-        for tracking_status in statuses:
-            order = orders_by_waybill.get(tracking_status.number)
+    account_ids = {account.register_id for account in accounts}
+    unresolved = {
+        waybill: order
+        for waybill, order in orders_by_waybill.items()
+        if order.cash_register_id not in account_ids
+    }
+    # Урезанный ответ по чужому ключу — на случай, если ТТН не своя ни для кого.
+    foreign: dict[str, TrackingStatusOut] = {}
+    complete = True
+
+    for account in accounts:
+        bound = {
+            waybill: order
+            for waybill, order in orders_by_waybill.items()
+            if order.cash_register_id == account.register_id
+        }
+        if not bound:
+            continue
+        try:
+            statuses = await _fetch_statuses(np, account.api_key, list(bound))
+        except (NovaPoshtaError, httpx.HTTPError) as exc:
+            # Заказы кассы остаются как есть до следующего опроса.
+            log.warning("np_poll_failed", cash_register_id=str(account.register_id), error=str(exc))
+            continue
+        for waybill, order in bound.items():
+            tracking_status = statuses.get(waybill)
+            if tracking_status is not None and tracking_status.is_own:
+                _apply_status(order, tracking_status)
+            else:
+                unresolved[waybill] = order
+                if tracking_status is not None:
+                    foreign[waybill] = tracking_status
+
+    for account in accounts:
+        if not unresolved:
+            break
+        try:
+            statuses = await _fetch_statuses(np, account.api_key, list(unresolved))
+        except (NovaPoshtaError, httpx.HTTPError) as exc:
+            log.warning("np_poll_failed", cash_register_id=str(account.register_id), error=str(exc))
+            complete = False
+            continue
+        for waybill, tracking_status in statuses.items():
+            order = unresolved.get(waybill)
             if order is None:
                 continue
-            order.np_status = tracking_status.status
-            order.np_status_code = tracking_status.status_code
-            order.np_cod_amount_kopecks = (
-                _to_kopecks(tracking_status.cod_amount) if tracking_status.cod_amount else None
-            )
-            order.np_payment_status = tracking_status.payment_status
+            if tracking_status.is_own:
+                order.cash_register_id = account.register_id
+                _apply_status(order, tracking_status)
+                del unresolved[waybill]
+            else:
+                foreign.setdefault(waybill, tracking_status)
+
+    # Если какой-то ключ не ответил, не отвязываем: ТТН могла быть его.
+    if complete:
+        for waybill, order in unresolved.items():
+            order.cash_register_id = None
+            if waybill in foreign:
+                _apply_status(order, foreign[waybill])
 
     await session.commit()
 
@@ -211,7 +378,8 @@ async def update_order(
         return order, changed
 
     if "waybill_number" in changed:
-        # Статус старой ТТН к новой не относится — worker опросит новую за минуту.
+        # Статус и касса старой ТТН к новой не относятся — worker опросит новую за минуту.
+        order.cash_register_id = None
         order.np_status = None
         order.np_status_code = None
         order.np_cod_amount_kopecks = None

backend/app/services/receipts.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from app.services.checkbox.client import (
     CheckboxClient,
     CheckboxCredentials,
     CheckboxError,
+    CheckboxRateLimitedError,
     CheckboxUnavailableError,
 )
 from app.services.crm.client import CrmClient, CrmError
@@ -67,6 +68,11 @@ _CHECKBOX_TO_STATUS = {
 # или Checkbox был недоступен) и повторить его из cron'а.
 _PENDING_RETRY_AFTER = timedelta(minutes=1)
 
+# Сколько `created`-чеков опрашивать за один прогон cron'а (раз в минуту):
+# при паузе ~1 с между запросами к Checkbox прогон укладывается в минуту и
+# не наслаивается на следующий.
+_ETTN_POLL_BATCH = 30
+
 # Статус заказа в CRM, когда Checkbox принял ЕТТН-чек: заказ можно собирать.
 CRM_STATUS_AFTER_RECEIPT = "PACKED"
 # Чеки, при которых заказу нужен этот статус в CRM (Checkbox чек принял).
@@ -255,13 +261,11 @@ def credentials(register: CashRegister) -> CheckboxCredentials:
     )
 
 
-async def get_default_register(session: AsyncSession) -> CashRegister | None:
-    return await session.scalar(
-        select(CashRegister)
-        .where(CashRegister.is_active.is_(True))
-        .order_by(CashRegister.is_default.desc(), CashRegister.created_at)
-        .limit(1)
+async def _active_registers(session: AsyncSession) -> dict[uuid.UUID, CashRegister]:
+    registers = await session.scalars(
+        select(CashRegister).where(CashRegister.is_active.is_(True))
     )
+    return {register.id: register for register in registers}
 
 
 # --- Создание ----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -294,10 +298,13 @@ async def request_receipts(
     Без commit и без обращения к Checkbox: вызывающий код коммитит и ставит
     задачи worker'у (`create_ettn_for_receipt`) по `result.created`.
     Ошибки по отдельным заказам не мешают остальным — массовое действие.
+
+    Чек создаётся от кассы, чей ключ НП видит ТТН заказа как свою
+    (`orders.cash_register_id`, проставляет `orders.sync_np_statuses`).
     """
     result = RequestResult(created=[], errors={})
-    register = await get_default_register(session)
-    if register is None:
+    registers = await _active_registers(session)
+    if not registers:
         for order_id, _ in items:
             result.errors[order_id] = "Не настроена касса Checkbox"
         return result
@@ -317,6 +324,13 @@ async def request_receipts(
         if order_id in busy:
             result.errors[order_id] = "По заказу уже есть чек"
             continue
+        register = registers.get(order.cash_register_id) if order.cash_register_id else None
+        if register is None:
+            result.errors[order_id] = (
+                "Касса не определена: ТТН не найдена ни одним ключом Новой Почты "
+                "активных касс"
+            )
+            continue
         try:
             amounts = resolve_amounts(order, prepayment)
             body = build_ettn_body(order, register, amounts)
@@ -353,6 +367,7 @@ async def request_receipts(
             payload={
                 "order_id": order.id,
                 "waybill_number": order.waybill_number,
+                "cash_register_id": str(register.id),
                 "cod_kopecks": amounts.cod_kopecks,
                 "prepayment_kopecks": amounts.prepayment_kopecks,
             },
@@ -387,7 +402,10 @@ def _apply_ettn(receipt: Receipt, ettn: EttnOut) -> None:
 async def create_ettn_for_receipt(
     session: AsyncSession, client: CheckboxClient, receipt_id: uuid.UUID
 ) -> Receipt | None:
-    """Отправляет `pending`-чек в Checkbox. Идемпотентна — безопасно вызывать повторно."""
+    """Отправляет `pending`-чек в Checkbox. Идемпотентна — безопасно вызывать повторно.
+
+    На лимит частоты пробрасывает `CheckboxRateLimitedError`, чек остаётся `pending`.
+    """
     receipt = await session.get(Receipt, receipt_id, with_for_update=True)
     if receipt is None or receipt.status != ReceiptStatus.PENDING:
         return receipt
@@ -403,6 +421,12 @@ async def create_ettn_for_receipt(
             await client.find_ettn(creds, receipt.waybill_number) if receipt.error else None
         )
         ettn = existing or await client.create_ettn(creds, receipt.request_body)
+    except CheckboxRateLimitedError as exc:
+        # Запрос отклонён, чек точно не создан: остаётся `pending` без пометки
+        # «исход неизвестен». Повтор с задержкой — забота вызывающего (worker).
+        await session.commit()  # снять блокировку строки
+        log.info("ettn_rate_limited", receipt_id=str(receipt_id), retry_after=exc.retry_after)
+        raise
     except CheckboxUnavailableError as exc:
         receipt.error = str(exc)
         await session.commit()
@@ -435,7 +459,10 @@ async def retry_pending_receipts(session: AsyncSession, client: CheckboxClient)
         )
     )
     for receipt_id in receipt_ids:
-        await create_ettn_for_receipt(session, client, receipt_id)
+        try:
+            await create_ettn_for_receipt(session, client, receipt_id)
+        except CheckboxRateLimitedError:
+            break  # остальные — в следующем проходе cron'а
 
 
 # --- Отмена и опрос ----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -482,9 +509,20 @@ async def cancel_receipt(
 
 
 async def sync_ettn_statuses(session: AsyncSession, client: CheckboxClient) -> None:
-    """Опрашивает Checkbox по чекам, ожидающим оплаты посылки (`created`)."""
+    """Опрашивает Checkbox по чекам, ожидающим оплаты посылки (`created`).
+
+    За прогон — не больше `_ETTN_POLL_BATCH` давно не проверенных чеков, с
+    коммитом после каждого: запросы к Checkbox идут с паузой, и опрос всех
+    чеков разом не укладывался в таймаут cron-задачи, а откат по таймауту
+    терял весь прогон — статусы не обновлялись вовсе.
+    """
     receipts = list(
-        await session.scalars(select(Receipt).where(Receipt.status == ReceiptStatus.CREATED))
+        await session.scalars(
+            select(Receipt)
+            .where(Receipt.status == ReceiptStatus.CREATED)
+            .order_by(Receipt.last_checked_at.asc().nulls_first())
+            .limit(_ETTN_POLL_BATCH)
+        )
     )
     registers: dict[uuid.UUID, CheckboxCredentials] = {}
     for receipt in receipts:
@@ -508,8 +546,7 @@ async def sync_ettn_statuses(session: AsyncSession, client: CheckboxClient) -> N
         _apply_ettn(receipt, ettn)
         if receipt.status in CLOSED_STATUSES:
             await _release_order(session, receipt.order_id)
-
-    await session.commit()
+        await session.commit()
 
 
 async def sync_crm_statuses(session: AsyncSession, crm: CrmClient) -> None:

backend/app/worker.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Запускается отдельным процессом: `arq app.worker.WorkerSettings`.
 - `create_ettn_receipt` — задача, которую ставит API после запроса кассира;
-- `poll_np_statuses` — раз в минуту статусы ТТН по заказам без чека;
+- `poll_np_statuses` — раз в минуту статусы ТТН по ключам НП касс и привязка заказов к кассам;
 - `poll_receipts` — раз в минуту повтор зависших `pending`, статусы `created`-чеков
   и повтор смены статуса заказа в CRM (PACKED), если CRM была недоступна.
 """
@@ -12,24 +12,28 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import uuid
 from typing import Any
 
-from arq import cron
+from arq import Retry, cron, func
 from arq.connections import RedisSettings
 
 from app.core.config import settings
 from app.core.logging import configure_logging, get_logger
 from app.db.session import SessionFactory
 from app.services import receipts as receipts_service
-from app.services.checkbox.client import get_checkbox_client
+from app.services.checkbox.client import CheckboxRateLimitedError, get_checkbox_client
 from app.services.crm.exo_client import ExoCrmClient
 from app.services.nova_poshta.np_client import NpTrackingClient
 from app.services.orders import sync_np_statuses
 
 log = get_logger(__name__)
 
+# Повторы `create_ettn_receipt` при лимите частоты: пауза retry_after + 5 с × номер попытки.
+_RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF = 5
+_CREATE_ETTN_MAX_TRIES = 6
+
 
 async def startup(ctx: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     configure_logging()
-    ctx["np_client"] = NpTrackingClient(settings)
+    ctx["np_client"] = NpTrackingClient()
     ctx["checkbox_client"] = get_checkbox_client()
     ctx["crm_client"] = ExoCrmClient(settings)
     log.info("worker_starting", environment=settings.environment)
@@ -43,9 +47,14 @@ async def poll_np_statuses(ctx: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
 
 async def create_ettn_receipt(ctx: dict[str, Any], receipt_id: str) -> None:
     async with SessionFactory() as session:
-        await receipts_service.create_ettn_for_receipt(
-            session, ctx["checkbox_client"], uuid.UUID(receipt_id)
-        )
+        try:
+            await receipts_service.create_ettn_for_receipt(
+                session, ctx["checkbox_client"], uuid.UUID(receipt_id)
+            )
+        except CheckboxRateLimitedError as exc:
+            # Лимит частоты Новой Почты: повтор с нарастающей паузой. Когда попытки
+            # кончатся, `pending`-чек подберёт cron `poll_receipts`.
+            raise Retry(defer=exc.retry_after + _RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF * ctx["job_try"]) from exc
         # Чек принят Checkbox — сразу переводим заказ в CRM в PACKED.
         await receipts_service.sync_crm_statuses(session, ctx["crm_client"])
 
@@ -61,7 +70,7 @@ async def poll_receipts(ctx: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
 class WorkerSettings:
     redis_settings = RedisSettings.from_dsn(settings.redis_url)
     on_startup = startup
-    functions = [create_ettn_receipt]
+    functions = [func(create_ettn_receipt, max_tries=_CREATE_ETTN_MAX_TRIES)]
     cron_jobs = [
         cron(poll_np_statuses, minute=set(range(60)), run_at_startup=True),
         cron(poll_receipts, minute=set(range(60)), second=30),

backend/tests/test_checkbox_client.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import json
+import time
 import uuid
 
 import httpx
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from app.core.config import Settings
 from app.services.checkbox.client import (
     CheckboxCredentials,
     CheckboxError,
+    CheckboxRateLimitedError,
     CheckboxUnavailableError,
 )
 from app.services.checkbox.http_client import HttpCheckboxClient
@@ -35,11 +38,12 @@ ETTN = {
 }
 
 
-def _client() -> HttpCheckboxClient:
+def _client(interval_ms: int = 0) -> HttpCheckboxClient:
     settings = Settings(
         secret_key="test-secret-key",
         encryption_key="dGVzdC1lbmNyeXB0aW9uLWtleS0zMi1ieXRlcyEh",
         checkbox_base_url=BASE,
+        checkbox_min_request_interval_ms=interval_ms,
     )  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     return HttpCheckboxClient(settings)
 
@@ -178,5 +182,78 @@ async def test_rate_limit_is_retryable() -> None:
     respx.post(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn").mock(
         return_value=Response(429, json={"message": "Занадто часто виконуються запити"})
     )
-    with pytest.raises(CheckboxUnavailableError):
+    with pytest.raises(CheckboxRateLimitedError):
         await _client().create_ettn(CREDS, {})
+
+
+def _np_error(message: str, info: list[str], codes: list[str]) -> Response:
+    """Ошибка Новой Почты в том виде, в каком её отдаёт боевой Checkbox."""
+    inner = {
+        "type": "ettn",
+        "message": message,
+        "code": 0,
+        "context": {"success": False, "errors": [message], "info": info, "errorCodes": codes},
+    }
+    return Response(400, json={"code": "third_party.generic", "message": json.dumps(inner)})
+
+
+@respx.mock
+async def test_np_too_many_requests_is_rate_limited() -> None:
+    _signin()
+    respx.post(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn").mock(
+        return_value=_np_error("To many requests", ["Try again after 3 seconds"], ["20000401501"])
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(CheckboxRateLimitedError) as exc_info:
+        await _client().create_ettn(CREDS, {})
+    assert exc_info.value.retry_after == 3
+
+
+@respx.mock
+async def test_np_zero_retry_after_waits_at_least_a_second() -> None:
+    _signin()
+    respx.post(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn").mock(
+        return_value=_np_error("To many requests", ["Try again after 0 seconds"], ["20000401501"])
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(CheckboxRateLimitedError) as exc_info:
+        await _client().create_ettn(CREDS, {})
+    assert exc_info.value.retry_after == 1
+
+
+@respx.mock
+async def test_np_timeout_is_unavailable_not_rate_limited() -> None:
+    _signin()
+    respx.post(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn").mock(
+        return_value=_np_error("cURL error 28: SSL connection timeout", [], [])
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(CheckboxUnavailableError) as exc_info:
+        await _client().create_ettn(CREDS, {})
+    assert not isinstance(exc_info.value, CheckboxRateLimitedError)
+
+
+@respx.mock
+async def test_concurrent_calls_sign_in_once() -> None:
+    signin = _signin()
+    respx.get(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn/e-1").mock(return_value=Response(200, json=ETTN))
+    client = _client()
+
+    await asyncio.gather(*(client.get_ettn(CREDS, "e-1") for _ in range(5)))
+
+    assert signin.call_count == 1
+
+
+@respx.mock
+async def test_requests_are_spaced_by_min_interval() -> None:
+    _signin()
+    sent_at: list[float] = []
+
+    def record(_: httpx.Request) -> Response:
+        sent_at.append(time.monotonic())
+        return Response(200, json=ETTN)
+
+    respx.get(f"{BASE}/api/v1/ettn/e-1").mock(side_effect=record)
+    client = _client(interval_ms=50)
+
+    await asyncio.gather(*(client.get_ettn(CREDS, "e-1") for _ in range(3)))
+
+    gaps = [b - a for a, b in zip(sent_at, sent_at[1:], strict=False)]
+    assert len(gaps) == 2 and all(gap >= 0.045 for gap in gaps)

backend/tests/test_nova_poshta_client.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import pytest
 import respx
 from httpx import Response
 
-from app.core.config import Settings
+from app.schemas.tracking import TrackingStatusOut
 from app.services.nova_poshta.client import NovaPoshtaError
 from app.services.nova_poshta.np_client import _API_URL, NpTrackingClient
 
@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@ STATUS_PAYLOAD = {
 }
 
 
-def _settings() -> Settings:
-    return Settings(
-        secret_key="test-secret-key",
-        encryption_key="dGVzdC1lbmNyeXB0aW9uLWtleS0zMi1ieXRlcyEh",
-        nova_poshta_api_key="np-apikey-123",
-    )  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+API_KEY = "np-apikey-123"
 
 
 class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
@@ -41,13 +36,13 @@ class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
         route = respx.post(_API_URL).mock(
             return_value=Response(200, json={"success": True, "data": [], "errors": []})
         )
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
-        await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
+        await client.get_statuses(api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
 
         sent = route.calls.last.request
         body = json.loads(sent.content)
-        assert body["apiKey"] == "np-apikey-123"
+        assert body["apiKey"] == API_KEY
         assert body["modelName"] == "TrackingDocument"
         assert body["calledMethod"] == "getStatusDocuments"
         assert body["methodProperties"]["Documents"] == [
@@ -63,9 +58,9 @@ class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
                 200, json={"success": True, "data": [STATUS_PAYLOAD], "errors": []}
             )
         )
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
-        statuses = await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
+        statuses = await client.get_statuses(api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
 
         assert len(statuses) == 1
         status = statuses[0]
@@ -75,6 +70,13 @@ class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
         # не "сколько заплатить сейчас" (`ExpressWaybillAmountToPay` = 827.48).
         assert status.cod_amount == "699"
         assert status.payment_status == "NeedPayment"
+        assert not status.is_own  # в STATUS_PAYLOAD нет PhoneSender
+
+    def test_is_own_by_sender_phone(self) -> None:
+        own = TrackingStatusOut.model_validate({**STATUS_PAYLOAD, "PhoneSender": "380961112233"})
+        foreign = TrackingStatusOut.model_validate({**STATUS_PAYLOAD, "PhoneSender": ""})
+        assert own.is_own
+        assert not foreign.is_own
 
     @respx.mock
     async def test_falls_back_to_amount_to_pay_when_afterpayment_missing(self) -> None:
@@ -82,9 +84,9 @@ class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
         respx.post(_API_URL).mock(
             return_value=Response(200, json={"success": True, "data": [payload], "errors": []})
         )
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
-        statuses = await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
+        statuses = await client.get_statuses(api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
 
         assert statuses[0].cod_amount == "827.48"
 
@@ -95,18 +97,20 @@ class TestNpTrackingClientGetStatuses:
                 200, json={"success": False, "data": [], "errors": ["Invalid apiKey"]}
             )
         )
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
         with pytest.raises(NovaPoshtaError, match="Invalid apiKey"):
-            await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
+            await client.get_statuses(api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=["20451540916703"])
 
     async def test_returns_empty_list_for_no_documents(self) -> None:
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
-        assert await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=[]) == []
+        assert await client.get_statuses(api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=[]) == []
 
     async def test_rejects_too_many_documents(self) -> None:
-        client = NpTrackingClient(_settings())
+        client = NpTrackingClient()
 
         with pytest.raises(NovaPoshtaError, match="Слишком много"):
-            await client.get_statuses(waybill_numbers=[str(i) for i in range(101)])
+            await client.get_statuses(
+                api_key=API_KEY, waybill_numbers=[str(i) for i in range(101)]
+            )

backend/tests/test_np_sync.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Опрос статусов НП ключами касс и привязка заказов к кассам (`sync_np_statuses`)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from typing import Any
+
+from app.core import crypto
+from app.db.models.cash_register import CashRegister
+from app.db.models.order import Order
+from app.services.nova_poshta.stub_client import StubNovaPoshtaClient
+from app.services.orders import sync_np_statuses
+
+
+def _register(name: str, np_key: str | None, *, is_default: bool = False) -> CashRegister:
+    return CashRegister(
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        name=name,
+        license_key_enc=crypto.encrypt("lic"),
+        cashier_pin_enc=crypto.encrypt("1111"),
+        np_api_key_enc=crypto.encrypt(np_key) if np_key else None,
+        tax_codes=[],
+        is_active=True,
+        is_default=is_default,
+        created_at=datetime(2026, 9, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
+    )
+
+
+def _order(waybill: str, register_id: uuid.UUID | None = None) -> Order:
+    return Order(
+        id=waybill[-4:],
+        create_date_time=datetime(2026, 9, 20, tzinfo=UTC),
+        waybill_number=waybill,
+        total_amount_kopecks=120000,
+        goods=[],
+        is_deleted=False,
+        cash_register_id=register_id,
+    )
+
+
+def _status(waybill: str, *, own: bool) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    status = {"Number": waybill, "Status": "В дорозі", "StatusCode": "5"}
+    if own:
+        status |= {"PhoneSender": "380961112233", "AfterpaymentOnGoodsCost": 1200}
+    return status
+
+
+class FakeSession:
+    """`scalars` отдаёт кассы (с ключом НП, активные) или заказы — по сущности запроса."""
+
+    def __init__(self, registers: list[CashRegister], orders: list[Order]) -> None:
+        self.registers = registers
+        self.orders = orders
+        self.commits = 0
+
+    async def scalars(self, statement: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        entity = statement.column_descriptions[0]["entity"]
+        if entity is CashRegister:
+            return [r for r in self.registers if r.np_api_key_enc and r.is_active]
+        return self.orders
+
+    async def commit(self) -> None:
+        self.commits += 1
+
+
+async def test_unbound_order_is_claimed_by_register_that_sees_it_as_own() -> None:
+    first, second = _register("A", "key-a", is_default=True), _register("B", "key-b")
+    order = _order("20450000000001")
+    np = StubNovaPoshtaClient(
+        by_key={
+            "key-a": {order.waybill_number: _status(order.waybill_number, own=False)},
+            "key-b": {order.waybill_number: _status(order.waybill_number, own=True)},
+        }
+    )
+    session = FakeSession([first, second], [order])
+
+    await sync_np_statuses(session, np)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert order.cash_register_id == second.id
+    assert order.np_cod_amount_kopecks == 120000
+    assert session.commits == 1
+
+
+async def test_bound_order_is_polled_only_with_its_register_key() -> None:
+    first, second = _register("A", "key-a", is_default=True), _register("B", "key-b")
+    order = _order("20450000000002", register_id=second.id)
+    np = StubNovaPoshtaClient(
+        by_key={"key-b": {order.waybill_number: _status(order.waybill_number, own=True)}}
+    )
+
+    await sync_np_statuses(FakeSession([first, second], [order]), np)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert [key for key, _ in np.calls] == ["key-b"]
+    assert order.cash_register_id == second.id
+
+
+async def test_foreign_waybill_keeps_status_but_no_register_or_cod() -> None:
+    register = _register("A", "key-a", is_default=True)
+    order = _order("20450000000003", register_id=register.id)
+    np = StubNovaPoshtaClient(
+        by_key={"key-a": {order.waybill_number: _status(order.waybill_number, own=False)}}
+    )
+
+    await sync_np_statuses(FakeSession([register], [order]), np)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert order.cash_register_id is None
+    assert order.np_status_code == "5"
+    assert order.np_cod_amount_kopecks is None
+
+
+async def test_no_registers_with_np_key_does_nothing() -> None:
+    order = _order("20450000000004")
+    np = StubNovaPoshtaClient()
+    session = FakeSession([_register("A", None)], [order])
+
+    await sync_np_statuses(session, np)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert np.calls == []
+    assert session.commits == 0

backend/tests/test_orders_router.py

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ def _patch_orders_service(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     async def fake_sync(session: object, crm: object) -> None:
         return None
 
-    async def fake_list(session: object, *, has_receipt: bool) -> list[Order]:
-        return [] if has_receipt else [_order()]
+    async def fake_list(session: object, *, tab: str) -> list[Order]:
+        return [_order()] if tab == "no_receipt" else []
 
     async def fake_delete(session: object, order_id: str) -> Order | None:
         return _order(order_id) if order_id == "1" else None
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ def _patch_orders_service(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(orders_router.orders_service, "list_orders", fake_list)
     monkeypatch.setattr(orders_router.orders_service, "delete_order", fake_delete)
 
+    async def fake_cod_in_transit(session: object) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        return 3, 245050
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(orders_router.orders_service, "cod_in_transit", fake_cod_in_transit)
+
     async def fake_update(
         session: object, order_id: str, data: object
     ) -> tuple[Order, list[str]] | None:
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ class TestListOrders:
     ) -> None:
         app.dependency_overrides[get_current_user] = lambda: _user(role)
 
-        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders", params={"has_receipt": "false"})
+        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders", params={"tab": "no_receipt"})
 
         assert response.status_code == 200
         body = response.json()
@@ -142,14 +147,22 @@ class TestListOrders:
         assert body[0]["has_receipt"] is False
         assert body[0]["goods"][0]["sku"] == "SKU-1"
 
-    def test_has_receipt_tab_is_empty_for_now(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tab", ["has_receipt", "refused"])
+    def test_other_tabs_are_passed_to_service(self, client: TestClient, tab: str) -> None:
         app.dependency_overrides[get_current_user] = lambda: _user(UserRole.CASHIER)
 
-        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders", params={"has_receipt": "true"})
+        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders", params={"tab": tab})
 
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert response.json() == []
 
+    def test_unknown_tab_is_rejected(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_current_user] = lambda: _user(UserRole.CASHIER)
+
+        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders", params={"tab": "bogus"})
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+
     def test_requires_authentication(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
         response = client.get("/api/v1/orders")
         assert response.status_code == 401
@@ -230,3 +243,17 @@ class TestUpdateOrder:
         response = client.patch("/api/v1/orders/1", json={**_UPDATE_BODY, "goods": []})
 
         assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+class TestSummary:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("role", [UserRole.ADMIN, UserRole.CASHIER, UserRole.VIEWER])
+    def test_returns_cod_in_transit(self, client: TestClient, role: UserRole) -> None:
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_current_user] = lambda: _user(role)
+
+        response = client.get("/api/v1/orders/summary")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {
+            "cod_in_transit_count": 3,
+            "cod_in_transit_amount": "2450.50",
+        }

backend/tests/test_orders_service.py

@@ -7,10 +7,19 @@ from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
 
 from app.db.models.order import Order
 from app.schemas.orders import OrderUpdateIn
-from app.services.orders import OrderEditError, _parse_crm_datetime, _to_kopecks, update_order
+from app.services.orders import (
+    OrderEditError,
+    OrderTab,
+    _parse_crm_datetime,
+    _to_kopecks,
+    cod_in_transit,
+    list_orders,
+    update_order,
+)
 
 
 class TestToKopecks:
@@ -148,3 +157,77 @@ class TestUpdateOrder:
         assert asyncio.run(update_order(_FakeSession(None), "1", payload)) is None  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         deleted = _FakeSession(_order(is_deleted=True))
         assert asyncio.run(update_order(deleted, "1", payload)) is None  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+class _CapturingSession:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.statement: Any = None
+
+    async def scalars(self, statement: Any) -> list[Order]:
+        self.statement = statement
+        return []
+
+
+def _list_where(tab: OrderTab) -> str:
+    """WHERE-часть запроса вкладки (SELECT перечисляет все колонки, в т.ч. receipt_created_at)."""
+    session = _CapturingSession()
+    asyncio.run(list_orders(session, tab=tab))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    sql = str(
+        session.statement.compile(
+            dialect=postgresql.dialect(), compile_kwargs={"literal_binds": True}
+        )
+    )
+    return sql.split("WHERE", 1)[1]
+
+
+class TestListOrders:
+    def test_refused_tab_filters_by_refusal_codes_only(self) -> None:
+        sql = _list_where(OrderTab.REFUSED)
+        assert "orders.np_status_code IN ('102', '103', '105', '108')" in sql
+        assert "receipt_created_at" not in sql
+
+    def test_received_tab_filters_by_received_codes_only(self) -> None:
+        sql = _list_where(OrderTab.RECEIVED)
+        assert "orders.np_status_code IN ('9', '10', '11', '106')" in sql
+        assert "receipt_created_at" not in sql
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tab", [OrderTab.NO_RECEIPT, OrderTab.HAS_RECEIPT])
+    def test_other_tabs_exclude_received_and_refusals(self, tab: OrderTab) -> None:
+        sql = _list_where(tab)
+        assert "NOT IN ('9', '10', '11', '106', '102', '103', '105', '108')" in sql
+        assert "receipt_created_at" in sql
+
+
+class _CapturingExecuteSession:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.statement: Any = None
+
+    async def execute(self, statement: Any) -> Any:
+        self.statement = statement
+
+        class _Result:
+            def one(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
+                return 2, 150000
+
+        return _Result()
+
+
+class TestCodInTransit:
+    def test_excludes_received_refused_and_paid(self) -> None:
+        session = _CapturingExecuteSession()
+        result = asyncio.run(cod_in_transit(session))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        sql = str(
+            session.statement.compile(
+                dialect=postgresql.dialect(), compile_kwargs={"literal_binds": True}
+            )
+        )
+
+        assert result == (2, 150000)
+        assert "sum(orders.np_cod_amount_kopecks)" in sql
+        assert "orders.is_deleted IS false" in sql
+        assert "orders.np_cod_amount_kopecks IS NOT NULL" in sql
+        assert (
+            "orders.np_status_code NOT IN "
+            "('9', '10', '11', '106', '102', '103', '105', '108', '2', '3')" in sql
+        )
+        assert "orders.np_payment_status IS DISTINCT FROM 'Payed'" in sql

backend/tests/test_receipts_service.py

@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ from app.core import crypto
 from app.db.models.cash_register import CashRegister
 from app.db.models.order import Order
 from app.db.models.receipt import Receipt, ReceiptStatus
+from app.db.models.user import User
 from app.schemas.checkbox import EttnStatus
 from app.services import receipts as svc
-from app.services.checkbox.client import CheckboxUnavailableError
+from app.services.checkbox.client import CheckboxRateLimitedError, CheckboxUnavailableError
 from app.services.checkbox.stub_client import StubCheckboxClient
 
 
@@ -182,6 +183,52 @@ class TestBuildBody:
         assert "delivery" not in body["receipt_body"]
 
 
+class TestRequestReceipts:
+    """Чек создаётся от кассы, к которой опрос НП привязал заказ."""
+
+    class Session:
+        def __init__(self, registers: list[CashRegister], orders: list[Order]) -> None:
+            self.registers, self.orders, self.added = registers, orders, []
+
+        async def scalars(self, statement: Any) -> list[Any]:
+            entity = statement.column_descriptions[0]["entity"]
+            if entity is CashRegister:
+                return self.registers
+            if entity is Order:
+                return self.orders
+            return []  # активные чеки заказов
+
+        def add(self, obj: Any) -> None:
+            self.added.append(obj)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _user() -> User:
+        return User(id=uuid.uuid4(), email="c@x.ua")
+
+    async def test_uses_order_register(self) -> None:
+        default, other = _register(), _register()
+        order = _order(cash_register_id=other.id)
+        session = self.Session([default, other], [order])
+
+        result = await svc.request_receipts(
+            session, [(order.id, None)], user=self._user()  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+        assert result.errors == {}
+        assert result.created[0].cash_register_id == other.id
+
+    async def test_unbound_order_is_rejected(self) -> None:
+        order = _order(cash_register_id=None)
+        session = self.Session([_register()], [order])
+
+        result = await svc.request_receipts(
+            session, [(order.id, None)], user=self._user()  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+        assert result.created == []
+        assert "Касса не определена" in result.errors[order.id]
+
+
 class FakeSession:
     def __init__(self, *objects: Any) -> None:
         self.objects = {(type(o), o.id): o for o in objects}
@@ -266,6 +313,24 @@ class TestCreateEttn:
         assert receipt.status == ReceiptStatus.CREATED
         assert len(client.orders) == 1  # второго чека на ту же ТТН нет
 
+    async def test_rate_limit_keeps_pending_without_unknown_outcome(self) -> None:
+        order, register = _order(receipt_created_at=datetime.now(UTC)), _register()
+        receipt = _pending(order, register)
+        client = StubCheckboxClient()
+        session = FakeSession(order, register, receipt)
+
+        async def rate_limited(creds: Any, body: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            raise CheckboxRateLimitedError("To many requests", retry_after=1)
+
+        client.create_ettn = rate_limited  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with pytest.raises(CheckboxRateLimitedError):
+            await svc.create_ettn_for_receipt(session, client, receipt.id)
+
+        assert receipt.status == ReceiptStatus.PENDING
+        assert receipt.error is None  # повтор не пойдёт через find_ettn
+        assert order.receipt_created_at is not None  # заказ не вернулся в очередь
+        assert session.commits == 1  # блокировка строки снята
+
 
 class TestApplyEttn:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(

frontend/src/api/orders.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import { apiFetch } from '@/api/client'
-import type { Order, OrderUpdate } from '@/features/orders/types'
+import type { Order, OrdersSummary, OrderTab, OrderUpdate } from '@/features/orders/types'
 
-export function getOrders(hasReceipt: boolean): Promise<Order[]> {
-  return apiFetch<Order[]>(`/orders?has_receipt=${hasReceipt}`)
+export function getOrders(tab: OrderTab): Promise<Order[]> {
+  return apiFetch<Order[]>(`/orders?tab=${tab}`)
+}
+
+export function getOrdersSummary(): Promise<OrdersSummary> {
+  return apiFetch<OrdersSummary>('/orders/summary')
 }
 
 export function deleteOrder(orderId: string): Promise<void> {

frontend/src/features/cashRegisters/types.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ export interface CashRegister {
   name: string
   fiscal_number: string | null
   license_key_masked: string
+  /** null — ключ Новой Почты не задан: касса не получает посылки. */
+  np_api_key_masked: string | null
   tax_codes: (number | string)[]
   is_active: boolean
   is_default: boolean
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ export interface CashRegisterCreate {
   fiscal_number: string | null
   license_key: string
   pin_code: string
+  np_api_key: string | null
   tax_codes: (number | string)[]
   is_default: boolean
 }

frontend/src/features/orders/types.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 
 import type { ReceiptStatus } from '@/features/receipts/types'
 
+/** Вкладка дашборда (`OrderTab` в backend/app/services/orders.py). */
+export type OrderTab = 'no_receipt' | 'has_receipt' | 'received' | 'refused'
+
 export interface OrderGood {
   id: string
   sku: string
@@ -59,3 +62,9 @@ export interface OrderUpdate {
   total_amount: string
   goods: OrderGoodUpdate[]
 }
+
+/** Ответ `GET /orders/summary` (`OrdersSummaryOut`). */
+export interface OrdersSummary {
+  cod_in_transit_count: number
+  cod_in_transit_amount: string
+}

frontend/src/features/orders/useOrders.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,30 @@
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
 
-import { getOrders } from '@/api/orders'
+import { getOrders, getOrdersSummary } from '@/api/orders'
+import type { OrderTab } from '@/features/orders/types'
 
 /** Пока чек отправляется в Checkbox — опрашиваем часто, иначе статусы чеков обновляет worker раз в минуту. */
 const PENDING_POLL_MS = 3_000
 const RECEIPTS_POLL_MS = 30_000
+// Статусы NP обновляет worker раз в минуту — чаще сводку опрашивать незачем.
+const SUMMARY_POLL_MS = 60_000
 
-export function useOrders(hasReceipt: boolean) {
+export function useOrders(tab: OrderTab) {
   return useQuery({
-    queryKey: ['orders', hasReceipt],
-    queryFn: () => getOrders(hasReceipt),
+    queryKey: ['orders', tab],
+    queryFn: () => getOrders(tab),
     refetchInterval: (query) => {
       if (query.state.data?.some((order) => order.receipt_status === 'pending')) return PENDING_POLL_MS
-      return hasReceipt ? RECEIPTS_POLL_MS : false
+      return tab === 'has_receipt' ? RECEIPTS_POLL_MS : false
     },
   })
 }
+
+export function useOrdersSummary() {
+  return useQuery({
+    // Под ключом ['orders', ...] — чтобы invalidateQueries(['orders']) обновлял и сводку.
+    queryKey: ['orders', 'summary'],
+    queryFn: getOrdersSummary,
+    refetchInterval: SUMMARY_POLL_MS,
+  })
+}

frontend/src/pages/CashRegistersPage.css

@@ -44,3 +44,7 @@
   display: flex;
   gap: 8px;
 }
+
+.cr-missing {
+  color: var(--color-danger);
+}

frontend/src/pages/CashRegistersPage.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ interface FormState {
   fiscal_number: string
   license_key: string
   pin_code: string
+  np_api_key: string
   tax_codes: string
   is_default: boolean
 }
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ const EMPTY_FORM: FormState = {
   fiscal_number: '',
   license_key: '',
   pin_code: '',
+  np_api_key: '',
   tax_codes: '',
   is_default: true,
 }
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
       fiscal_number: register.fiscal_number ?? '',
       license_key: '',
       pin_code: '',
+      np_api_key: '',
       tax_codes: register.tax_codes.join(', '),
       is_default: register.is_default,
     })
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
   async function handleSubmit(event: FormEvent) {
     event.preventDefault()
     if (editingId) {
-      // Пустые ключ/PIN при редактировании — «не менять».
+      // Пустые ключи/PIN при редактировании — «не менять».
       const payload: CashRegisterUpdate = {
         name: form.name,
         fiscal_number: form.fiscal_number || null,
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
       }
       if (form.license_key) payload.license_key = form.license_key
       if (form.pin_code) payload.pin_code = form.pin_code
+      if (form.np_api_key) payload.np_api_key = form.np_api_key
       await run(() => updateCashRegister(editingId, payload), 'Касса обновлена')
     } else {
       await run(
@@ -106,6 +110,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
             fiscal_number: form.fiscal_number || null,
             license_key: form.license_key,
             pin_code: form.pin_code,
+            np_api_key: form.np_api_key,
             tax_codes: parseTaxCodes(form.tax_codes),
             is_default: form.is_default,
           }),
@@ -145,6 +150,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
                 <th>Название</th>
                 <th>Фиск. номер</th>
                 <th>Ключ лицензии</th>
+                <th>Ключ Новой Почты</th>
                 <th>Налоги</th>
                 <th>Статус</th>
                 <th>Действия</th>
@@ -153,21 +159,21 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
             <tbody>
               {isLoading && (
                 <tr>
-                  <td colSpan={6} className="orders-empty">
+                  <td colSpan={7} className="orders-empty">
                     Загрузка…
                   </td>
                 </tr>
               )}
               {isError && (
                 <tr>
-                  <td colSpan={6} className="orders-empty">
+                  <td colSpan={7} className="orders-empty">
                     Не удалось загрузить кассы
                   </td>
                 </tr>
               )}
               {registers?.length === 0 && (
                 <tr>
-                  <td colSpan={6} className="orders-empty">
+                  <td colSpan={7} className="orders-empty">
                     Кассы не настроены — чеки создавать нельзя
                   </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -180,6 +186,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
                   </td>
                   <td>{register.fiscal_number || '—'}</td>
                   <td>{register.license_key_masked}</td>
+                  <td>{register.np_api_key_masked ?? <span className="cr-missing">не задан</span>}</td>
                   <td>{register.tax_codes.length ? register.tax_codes.join(', ') : 'без налога'}</td>
                   <td>
                     <span className={`orders-status orders-status--${register.is_active ? 'delivered' : 'new'}`}>
@@ -249,6 +256,16 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
               onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, pin_code: e.target.value })}
             />
           </label>
+          <label>
+            Ключ API Новой Почты (посылки этого кабинета пробиваются через эту кассу)
+            <input
+              required={!editingId}
+              autoComplete="off"
+              placeholder={editingId ? 'не менять' : ''}
+              value={form.np_api_key}
+              onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, np_api_key: e.target.value })}
+            />
+          </label>
           <label>
             Коды налогов (через запятую, пусто — без налога)
             <input value={form.tax_codes} onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, tax_codes: e.target.value })} />
@@ -259,7 +276,7 @@ export function CashRegistersPage() {
               checked={form.is_default}
               onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, is_default: e.target.checked })}
             />
-            Основная касса (по ней создаются чеки)
+            Основная касса (первой проверяет новые посылки)
           </label>
           <div className="cr-form-actions">
             <button type="submit" className="orders-create-btn" disabled={busy}>

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPage.css

@@ -65,6 +65,39 @@
   justify-content: space-between;
 }
 
+.orders-summary {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 16px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.orders-summary-card {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+  min-width: 220px;
+  padding: 14px 18px;
+  background: var(--color-surface);
+  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+  border-radius: 10px;
+}
+
+.orders-summary-label {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}
+
+.orders-summary-value {
+  font-size: 22px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+}
+
+.orders-summary-hint {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}
+
 .orders-create-btn {
   border: none;
   background: var(--color-primary);

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPage.tsx

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import { cancelReceipt, createReceipts } from '@/api/receipts'
 import '@/pages/DashboardPage.css'
 import { useAuth } from '@/features/auth/useAuth'
 import { OrderDetailModal } from '@/features/orders/OrderDetailModal'
-import type { Order } from '@/features/orders/types'
-import { useOrders } from '@/features/orders/useOrders'
+import type { Order, OrderTab } from '@/features/orders/types'
+import { useOrders, useOrdersSummary } from '@/features/orders/useOrders'
 import { defaultPrepayment, prepaymentMatches, toKopecks } from '@/features/receipts/money'
 import { CANCELLABLE, RECEIPT_STATUS } from '@/features/receipts/types'
 import type { ReceiptRequestItem } from '@/features/receipts/types'
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ const ROLE_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
   viewer: 'Наблюдатель',
 }
 
-type Tab = 'no_receipt' | 'has_receipt'
-
-const TABS: { key: Tab; label: string }[] = [
+const TABS: { key: OrderTab; label: string }[] = [
   { key: 'no_receipt', label: 'Без чека' },
   { key: 'has_receipt', label: 'Выписаны чеки' },
+  { key: 'received', label: 'Полученные' },
+  { key: 'refused', label: 'Отказы' },
 ]
 
 function npStatusTone(order: Order): 'delivered' | 'processing' | 'danger' | 'new' {
@@ -45,10 +45,17 @@ function paymentBadge(order: Order): { label: string; tone: 'delivered' | 'proce
   return null
 }
 
+const MONEY_FORMAT = new Intl.NumberFormat('ru-RU', { minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 })
+
+function formatMoney(amount: string): string {
+  return MONEY_FORMAT.format(Number(amount))
+}
+
 export function DashboardPage() {
   const { user, logout } = useAuth()
-  const [tab, setTab] = useState<Tab>('no_receipt')
-  const { data: orders, isLoading, isError } = useOrders(tab === 'has_receipt')
+  const [tab, setTab] = useState<OrderTab>('no_receipt')
+  const { data: orders, isLoading, isError } = useOrders(tab)
+  const { data: summary } = useOrdersSummary()
   const queryClient = useQueryClient()
   const [selected, setSelected] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set())
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('')
@@ -103,7 +110,13 @@ export function DashboardPage() {
 
   async function handleCancel(order: Order) {
     if (!order.receipt_id) return
-    if (!window.confirm(`Отменить ЕТТН-чек по заказу ${order.id}? Заказ вернётся в очередь.`)) return
+    const outcome = {
+      no_receipt: 'Заказ вернётся в очередь.',
+      has_receipt: 'Заказ вернётся в очередь.',
+      received: 'Заказ останется в полученных.',
+      refused: 'Заказ останется в отказах.',
+    }[tab]
+    if (!window.confirm(`Отменить ЕТТН-чек по заказу ${order.id}? ${outcome}`)) return
     setCancellingId(order.id)
     try {
       await cancelReceipt(order.receipt_id)
@@ -193,6 +206,18 @@ export function DashboardPage() {
           </div>
         </div>
 
+        <div className="orders-summary">
+          <div className="orders-summary-card" title="Посылки с наложкой, которые ещё не забрали и по которым нет отказа">
+            <span className="orders-summary-label">Наложка в пути</span>
+            <span className="orders-summary-value">
+              {summary ? `${formatMoney(summary.cod_in_transit_amount)} ₴` : '—'}
+            </span>
+            <span className="orders-summary-hint">
+              {summary ? `${summary.cod_in_transit_count} посылок` : ' '}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
         {notice && (
           <div className={`orders-notice orders-notice--${notice.tone}`}>
             <ul>
@@ -336,7 +361,7 @@ export function DashboardPage() {
                           Чек
                         </button>
                       )}
-                      {order.receipt_status && (tab === 'has_receipt' || !CANCELLABLE.has(order.receipt_status)) && (
+                      {order.receipt_status && (tab !== 'no_receipt' || !CANCELLABLE.has(order.receipt_status)) && (
                         <span
                           className={`orders-status orders-status--${RECEIPT_STATUS[order.receipt_status].tone}`}
                           title={order.receipt_error ?? undefined}
@@ -344,7 +369,7 @@ export function DashboardPage() {
                           {RECEIPT_STATUS[order.receipt_status].label}
                         </span>
                       )}
-                      {tab === 'has_receipt' && canFiscalize && order.receipt_status && CANCELLABLE.has(order.receipt_status) && (
+                      {tab !== 'no_receipt' && canFiscalize && order.receipt_status && CANCELLABLE.has(order.receipt_status) && (
                         <button
                           type="button"
                           className="orders-delete-btn"
@@ -354,7 +379,7 @@ export function DashboardPage() {
                           Отменить
                         </button>
                       )}
-                      {canDelete && tab === 'no_receipt' && (
+                      {canDelete && (tab === 'no_receipt' || ((tab === 'refused' || tab === 'received') && !order.has_receipt)) && (
                         <button
                           type="button"
                           className="orders-delete-btn"